Resource use among adult congenital heart surgery admissions in pediatric hospitals: risk factors for high resource utilization and association with inpatient death.

BACKGROUND Pediatric hospitals frequently perform congenital heart surgery in adults with congenital heart disease. The impact of these admissions on pediatric hospital resources is unknown. Our goals were to examine resource use by adults undergoing congenital heart surgery in pediatric hospitals, explore the association between high resource use (HRU) and inpatient death, and identify HRU risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained inpatient data from 42 pediatric hospitals from 2000 to 2008 and selected adult congenital heart (ACH) surgery admissions. We defined HRU admissions as those exceeding the 90th percentile for total hospital charges. We performed multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations to identify risk factors for HRU. Of 97 563 congenital heart surgery admissions to pediatric hospitals, 3061 (3.1%) were adults, accounting for 2.2% of total hospital charges. The threshold for HRU was total hospital charges ≥$213 803. Although HRU admissions comprised 10% of admissions, they accounted for 34% of charges for all ACH surgery admissions. Mortality rate was 16% for HRU admissions and 0.7% for others (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated higher case complexity: risk category 2 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.6; P=0.02), risk category 3 (AOR, 13.7; P<0.001), and risk category 4+ (AOR, 30.7; P<0.001) as compared with risk category 1; DiGeorge syndrome (AOR, 4.2; P=0.006); depression (AOR, 3.1; P<0.001); weekend admission (AOR, 2.6; P<0.001); and government insurance (AOR, 2.0; P<0.001) as risk factors for HRU. CONCLUSIONS High resource use ACH surgery admissions are associated with significantly greater mortality rates. ACH admissions with greater surgical complexity, government insurance, DiGeorge syndrome, weekend admission, and depression were more likely to result in HRU.